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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

持续释放数字经济的澎湃动能******

  发展数字经济是把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革新机遇的战略选择。党的二十大报告提出,加快发展数字经济,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合,打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。这为进一步做强做优做大数字经济,增强数字经济发展澎湃动能描绘出未来发展的宏伟蓝图。

  新时代十年,以习近平同志为核心的党中央准确把握中国经济发展的阶段性特征,深刻洞察数字经济发展趋势和规律,明确提出数字中国战略,并先后出台《数字经济发展战略纲要》《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》《中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》等文件,着力推进数字技术和实体经济深度融合。据统计,2012年至2021年,我国数字经济规模从11万亿元增长到超45万亿元,占国内生产总值的比重由21.6%提升至39.8%,连续多年位居世界第二位。大数据、云计算、人工智能等新技术、新业态、新平台蓬勃兴起,线上线下融合、远程医疗、智慧物流等应用场景全面铺开,数字技术正进入生产生活的方方面面,成为我国经济社会创新发展的“新领域、新赛道”“新动能、新优势”。

  数字经济为我国经济“稳增长”提供关键力量。面对全球疫情反复、地缘政治冲突加剧等复杂严峻形势,数字技术、数字经济推动了各类资源要素快捷流动、各类市场主体加速融合,帮助市场主体重构组织模式,实现跨界发展,打破时空限制,延伸产业链条,畅通国内外经济循环,成为我国经济恢复向好的“加速器”。

  数字经济为我国经济“调结构”提供新引擎。随着数字产业化和产业数字化的深入推进,数字经济在推进传统制造业转型升级,实现制造服务精准化和制造过程数字化方面发挥积极作用。伴随着电子商务、移动支付的广泛应用,近年来我国网约车、网上外卖、数字文化等市场规模领先全球,为服务业创新发展注入强劲动力。

  数字经济为我国经济“促转型”提供重要保障。数字经济的高创新性、强渗透性、广覆盖性特点,成为我国推动数字经济与绿色发展产业融合的重要结合点。过去十年,在“东数西算”等重大工程的带动下,我国数字基础设施建设不断提速,以数字为“基底”的新应用、新场景、新模式、新业态层出不穷,“数”“实”融合竞逐新赛道,智能生产线、数字化车间、智慧工厂建设有力推动传统制造业、服务业、农业等全方位、全链条数字化转型,为加快实现质量变革、效率变革、动力变革提供重要支撑。

  放眼全球,互联网、大数据、云计算等技术加速创新,正成为重组全球要素资源、重塑全球经济结构、改变全球竞争格局的关键力量。我们要加快建设社会主义现代化强国、推动实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,必须紧紧抓住数字技术变革机遇,充分释放数字化发展的放大、叠加、倍增效应,抢占新一轮发展制高点。

  加快发展数字经济,必须着力推进重点领域数字产业发展。聚焦集成电路、新型显示、通信设备、智能硬件等战略前沿领域,培育一批具有产业链控制力的生态主导型企业,促进产业化、规模化应用并实现集群化发展,打造世界级数字产业集群。同时,要利用数字技术全方位、全角度、全链条赋能传统产业,加快金融、物流、零售、旅游等生活性服务业和服务贸易数字化进程,提升全要素生产率。

  加快发展数字经济,必须着力塑造数据基础制度体系。充分发挥我国海量数据规模和丰富应用场景优势,激活数据要素潜能,构建起保障权益、合规使用的数据产权制度体系;构建合规高效、场内外结合的数据要素流通和交易制度,形成适应我国制度优势的数据要素市场体系;构建体现效率、促进公平的数据要素收益分配制度,防范各类风险挑战;着力完善安全可控、弹性包容的数据要素治理制度,构建起政府、企业、社会多方协同的治理模式。

  加快发展数字经济,必须着力参与数字经济国际合作。作为世界上最大的发展中大国,我们不仅要加快新型数字基础设施建设,促进数字技术同实体经济深度融合,还要积极参与国际组织数字经济议题谈判、数字化国际规则制定、双多边数字治理合作,在维护和完善多边数字经济治理机制中发挥作用,为营造开放、公平、公正、非歧视的数字发展环境贡献中国方案和中国力量。

  (作者:潘玉驹,系浙江省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心温州大学研究基地研究员、温州大学副校长)

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